The Quipper System

Algorithms.USV.Definitions

Description

This module provides global definitions for the Unique Shortest Vector algorithm.

Synopsis

# Types for the Unique Shortest Vector algorithm

type TwoPoint = (Qubit, [QDInt]) Source #

An input to tPP: a pair of a Qubit and a list of QDInts. Holds a superposition of two vectors with an unknown fixed difference.

type CosetState = (Qubit, QDInt) Source #

An input to dCP: a pair of a Qubit and a QDInt. Holds a superposition of two numbers with an unknown fixed difference.

type Psi_k = (Qubit, Int) Source #

An input to sieving: a pair of a Qubit and an integer. Holds a state of the form:

together with the integer k.

# General purpose functions

concat_pair :: ([a], [b]) -> ([a], [b]) -> ([a], [b]) Source #

Concatenate two pairs of lists componentwise.

Construct a list of random number generators.

find :: [a] -> (a -> Bool) -> String -> (a, [a]) Source #

Given a list l, a predicate p and an error message msg, return a pair (a,l') where a is the first element of l satisfying p and l' is the remaining list. If no such element exists, raise an error and display msg.

separate :: [a] -> (a -> Bool) -> ([a], [a]) Source #

Given a list l and a predicate p, return a pair (l1, l2) where l1 contains the elements of l satisfying p and l2 the others.

expand :: Integer -> Integer -> [Integer] Source #

Given integers m and n, compute the big-endian expansion of m in base n.

qdiscard_psi_ks :: [Psi_k] -> Circ () Source #

Discard a list of Psi_ks

find_partners :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> ([(a, a)], [a]) Source #

Given a list of people, and a function assigning a religion to each person, divide the people into couples of the same religion. Some people will remain single if there isn't a suitable partner. Return a list of couples and a list of single people.

The algorithm proceeds as follows. We have a room for each religion. Initially the rooms are empty. As each person arrives, they go to their room. If the room is empty, they stay there. If the room is occupied, they marry the occupant and join the list of couples. At the end, all single people are retrieved from their rooms.

This function is lazy, i.e., couples are formed as they are found. Only the singles have to wait until the end of the list.

Running time is O(n log n).

# Linear algebra

norm :: [Integer] -> Float Source #

Compute the Euclidean norm of a vector.

vector_add :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #

Compute the sum of two vectors.

q_vector_add :: [QDInt] -> [QDInt] -> Circ [QDInt] Source #

Quantum version of vector_add.

scalar_mult :: Num a => a -> [a] -> [a] Source #

Compute the multiplication of a scalar with a vector.

q_scalar_mult :: QDInt -> [QDInt] -> Circ [QDInt] Source #

Quantum version of scalar_mult.

matrix_mult :: [[Integer]] -> [Integer] -> [Integer] Source #

Multiply an n×m-matrix by an m-dimensional column vector to obtain an n-dimensional column vector. The matrix is represented as a list of m columns.

Precondition: m > 0.

Example:

matrix_mult [[1,2,3],[1,0,0]] [1,1] = [2,2,3]

q_matrix_mult :: [[QDInt]] -> [QDInt] -> Circ [QDInt] Source #

Quantum version of matrix_mult.

is_zero_vector :: [Integer] -> Bool Source #

Check whether a vector is 0.

# Euclid's algorithm

The extended Euclidean algorithm. ext_euclid a b returns (x, y, z, w, d) such that:

• 0 ≤ d = gcd(a, b), the greatest common divisor of a and b;
• ax + by = d;
• az + bw = 0;
• the determinant xw - yz = 1.

# Classical subroutines

lll :: [[Integer]] -> [[Integer]] Source #

Reduce a basis using the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lováscz algorithm.

Given an integer m, find the smallest prime p such that mp ≤ 2m.

Uses preexisting isPrime algorithm.

is_in_lattice :: [Integer] -> [[Integer]] -> Bool Source #

Given a vector u and a basis bb = [b0, …, bn-1], determine whether u belongs to the lattice generated by bb, i.e., whether there exist integers a0, …, an-1 such that u = a0b0 + … + an-1bn-1.

Precondition: u and b0, …, bn-1 must all be of the same dimension.

The algorithm proceeds as follows: first, do invertible integer column operations on b0, …, bn-1 until the top entries of b1, …, bn-1 are 0. This can be done efficiently by using the extended Euclidean algorithm for two columns at a time. Then check whether the top entry of b0 divides the top entry of u. If no, output False. Otherwise, if the top entry of b0 is 0, drop the top row and continue recursively. Otherwise, subtract an appropriate multiple of b0 from u, drop b0, drop the top row, and continue recursively. Trivial base cases occur when the number of rows or columns reaches 0.

reduce_lattice :: [[Integer]] -> [[Integer]] Source #

Given a basis bb = [b0, …, bn-1], find another equivalent basis whose elements are linearly independent.

column_op :: [Integer] -> [Integer] -> ([Integer], [Integer]) Source #

Perform a reversible column operation on two integer vectors, creating (and then dropping) a leading zero in the second vector.